Hair loss, also known as alopecia, is a common condition that can affect people of all ages. There are many causes of hair loss, including genetic factors, medical conditions, and even certain medications. While baldness is often associated with aging, it can affect people of any age. There are two main types of hair loss: diffuse and patterned. Diffuse hair loss is characterized by a general thinning of the hair, while patterned hair loss is characterized by a specific pattern of baldness, such as a receding hairline or bald spot. Treatment for hair loss depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, such as with patterned hair loss, treatment is not necessary. However, in other cases, such as with diffuse hair loss, treatment may be necessary to prevent the hair loss from progressing.
Hair loss (alopecia) is a type of hair loss that can appear as a temporary or permanent problem caused by an infectious, nutritional, congenital, autoimmune, or environmental condition. Tackling disorders of the hair follicles include trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder), tinea capitis (a fungal infection that affects the scalp), and hair shaft abnormalities. The hair on a person’s head may feel thinner, but it is unlikely that they will lose all of their hair; in most cases, after six months, the hair returns to its original color. The condition is caused by an autoimmune disorder that affects only the scalp, though it can affect any part of the body where hair grows. Immunologists in the immune system attack hair follicles in the same way that they do when they receive chemotherapy. It can be caused by any of several triggers, including stress or an infection, and it can be thought of as an example of other autoimmune conditions such as diabetes, vitiligo, and thyroid disease. Thyroid disease in patients with alopecia areata affects up to 28% of the body.
If an autoimmune disease is suspected, anti-inflammatory drugs (injections, pills, or cream) or immunotherapy (immune therapy) may be beneficial. Hair transplants are available for surgical reasons. A topical solution containing 2% minoxidil twice daily is thought to be an effective and safe treatment for female hair loss. Although hair loss is typically a natural part of aging, it can be distressing, and it poses no health risks. General practitioner can diagnose hair loss in a simple manner by examining it and, if necessary, screen for systemic diseases. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of androgenic alopecia in women. It can be more difficult to manage hair loss as a result of PCOS.
The first step is to reduce the amount of male hormones produced. The National Health Service does not provide Finasteride on a prescription basis; instead, you can obtain it from your doctor on a private basis. Hair transplantation, a cosmetic procedure that has become increasingly popular among celebrities, is becoming more common. Bald areas can once again be covered in hair in the transplanted area, but less densely. Microsurgical hair transplantation has evolved into a practice that uses local anesthetic rather than general anesthetics. Follicular units of 1 to 4 hairs are transplanted in a variety of ways.
Bald hair is the result of a hereditary condition known as androgenetic alopecia, or male pattern baldness, which affects approximately one-third of all men. According to the American Hair Loss Association, men have an average of 95 percent of their hair falling as a result of androgenetic alopecia.
Hormonal changes, autoimmune diseases, thyroid disorders, and stress are some of the causes of hair loss in young people. It is also possible that food consumption can have a significant impact on hair health. Vegetarians and vegans may be suffering from hair loss as a result of their growing popularity.
Small, round, and occasionally painful patches of hair loss on the scalp, beard area, or other areas of the body that are thought to be caused by hair loss are common symptoms. If you are suffering from alopecia, you may also experience hair loss and regrowth in different parts of your body at the same time. In addition, there may only be one strand of hair missing from each side of the scalp.
There is no cure for male-pattern baldness; however, some medications can temporarily slow the condition. Minoxidil is a prescription medication that is FDA-approved and available over the counter. Some men experience a reduction in hair loss and new hair growth. After stopping using it, however, your hair loss returns.
What Is The Difference Between Alopecia And Going Bald?
What is the difference between alopecia areata and alopecia universalis? Alopecia is a general term that refers to the loss of visible hair and has a variety of symptoms and causes. Baldness is one of the most common forms of androgenetic alopecia, which causes hair loss on one side of the body.
It is possible for hair loss to be normal to some extent. There may, however, be times when you experience early signs of alopecia. It is critical to understand why you are losing hair and how to treat it as soon as possible. If you notice an increase in your hair loss, it is best to take the tools off for a short period of time. If you can’t find a cause of your hair loss on your own, see a dermatologist. Because alopecia is an autoimmune disorder, there could be a number of reasons for hair loss.
If you are experiencing hair loss, there are several things you can do to help. If there are any underlying medical conditions or medications that may be causing your hair loss, consult with your doctor first. If you are taking blood thinning medications, oral contraceptives, antidepressants, anti-inflammatories, or beta and calcium channel blockers, you should avoid using these products if you want to regain your hair. You may also need to increase your retinoids intake, which are typically safe but may be necessary. It is possible that hereditary hair loss is the cause of your hair loss. Hair loss can often be reversed with appropriate treatment.
Baldness: The Frustrating Condition
Genetics and the environment all contribute to baldness. Stress, illness, or injury are the most common causes of stress. Baldness affects both men and women, but in women, it can manifest as a rash. Baldness affects the scalp the most, but it can also affect any part of the body that is growing hair.
There is currently no known cure for baldness, but there are treatments available to help men maintain or improve their hair. Baldness can be a frustrating condition to deal with, but treatment options can make it a lot easier.
Can You Have Hair Loss Without Alopecia?
Yes, you can have hair loss without alopecia. Alopecia is a medical condition that causes hair loss, but there are many other causes of hair loss that don’t involve alopecia. For example, hair loss can be caused by a bad diet, stress, hormonal changes, certain medications, and medical conditions like thyroid disease.
The term “alopecia” can refer to any of a number of conditions that lead to hair loss. A majority of these conditions are not contagious and are usually curable. When you take care of your hair, you can reverse its loss. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, you should shed between 50 and 100 hairs per day. In general, male pattern baldness and female pattern baldness are the terms used to describe the condition. In men, receding hair lines and bald spots are frequently the cause, whereas thinning hair is typically the cause in women. If you are experiencing hair loss, you may be able to regrow your hair with the help of medications such as minoxidil, roxone, and finasteride.
People have reported a fuller head of hair as a result of laser treatments and microneedling. When the hair is pulled excessively from tight hairstyles, such as braids and ponytails, it becomes inflamed. These factors are responsible for the majority of hair loss that occurs as a result of them.
How To Take Care Of Your Hair When You Have Alopecia
You don’t have to give up your healthy hair just because you have alopecia. You can protect your hair from damage and wear hairstyles that hide hair loss in order to maintain it. If you need additional assistance, you can consult a doctor or forums and groups.
Does Alopecia Just Mean Bald?
Alopecia areata: This is the name of a bald hair condition. A patch of skin is referred to as an areata. Patchy hair loss can occur on the scalp, beard, eyebrows, eyelashes, armpits, inside the nose, or ears, depending on where it occurs. When a person with Alopecia totalis loses all of his or her hair on the scalp, the hair is completely bald.
Alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss, is a common cause of patchy or complete hair loss. Dr. Maryanne Makredes Senna is a physician who is well-known throughout the world for her research on hair loss and advocacy. A small percentage of patients with mild alopecia areata will be able to regrow their hair within a year without treatment. Alopecia areata affects a wide range of aspects of a person’s life, including their job prospects and income levels. According to a recent study, hair loss, especially during adolescence, can have an impact on opportunities. We don’t know everything about this disease, so we can rely on donations to spread the word. A generous donation made all the difference in my work in 2016.
The first gift, which was made available through Hair Academic, allowed for the establishment of the Hair Academic Innovative Research Unit. My goal now is to open a cutting-edge center for hair loss treatment excellence. With the help of donations, we may be able to achieve this.
There is no cure for alopecia areata, but there are treatments available to help manage the condition. Regular hair-loss checkups are required to keep track of the disease’s progress and provide appropriate recommendations to the doctor.
alopecia areata is thought to be caused by severe stress, but there are many other causes of hair loss as well. Alopecia areata is caused by a person’s immune system attacking the hair follicles, resulting in hair loss. People under the age of 30 are the most likely to develop alopecia areata, which can affect anyone, but teenagers, twenties, and thirties are the most common. This condition is more common in children under the age of ten because it is more extensive and progressive.
There is no cure for alopecia areata, but there are treatments that can be used to manage it. If you are experiencing hair loss, you should consult with your doctor about what you can do to minimize it.
How Alopecia Areata Affects People’s Lives
alopecia areata is often caused by patchy hair loss, which does not progress into full-on baldness. The hair loss can lead to alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis in some cases. Alopecia areata affects the hair on the head, but it can also affect the nails. People with the disease are usually in good health and do not exhibit any other symptoms.
During the interviews with patients, we discovered that alopecia areata affects a variety of aspects of people’s lives, including employment, earnings, and relationships. People with Alopecia areata face an isolating condition that can have a significant impact on their lives. We hope that this article raises public awareness and provides people with the necessary resources to cope with this condition.
Is All Male Baldness Alopecia?
All male baldness is not alopecia, but alopecia can affect both men and women. Alopecia is a condition that causes hair loss, which can be patchy or total. Male pattern baldness is the most common type of hair loss in men, and it is not caused by alopecia.
Male pattern baldness, also known as androgenic alopecia, is the most common form of male hair loss. The risk of developing certain diseases in men over the age of 50 will be greater than 50%. The baldness risk is high due to a genetic predisposed condition as well as an inherited condition. A good hairstyle or haircut can sometimes conceal a man’s limited hair loss. Minoxidil, when used in conjunction with a hair growth treatment, can help men stop losing hair and stimulate hair follicles to grow. The hair is worn into the wig by sewing it into the hair. A wig specialist can help you achieve an even more natural appearance with their assistance.
Finasteride prevents hair fall by blocking the production of male hormones. Your hair will grow back if you stop taking finasteride. The use of Finasteride may affect prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests used to detect cancer. Hair transplantation involves removing hair from active hair follicles on the scalp and transplanting it to balding areas.
The good news is that hair loss can be slowed or reversed with the right treatment. If you are experiencing hair loss, you should consult with a hair loss specialist to determine the best course of action. Hair loss can be managed or reversed with a variety of products and treatments available. You can help yourself by following a few simple steps to prevent and manage hair loss. You can avoid or reduce hair loss by following a healthy lifestyle and consulting with a hair loss specialist. In addition to hair loss treatments and products, you can use them to manage or reverse them.
Hair Loss In Men: Causes And Treatments
In most cases, hair thinning and loss are natural processes in men. The hormone testosterone, which is a male sex hormone, is being produced at a lower rate. Other causes of hair loss can also contribute to this condition in men. – Cancer treatment Certain medications, such as steroids, should not be taken. Trauma, such as a head injury, can also occur. The cause of male alopecia is not well understood, but it is most commonly the result of genetic and environmental factors.
Difference Between Baldness And Alopecia
There are many differences between baldness and alopecia, but the most notable difference is that baldness is typically permanent, while alopecia is not. Baldness is usually caused by genetics or age, while alopecia can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, hormones, and autoimmune diseases. Baldness typically affects men, while alopecia can affect both men and women.
Alopecia Treatment
A steroid injection is one of the most common treatments for alopecia areata. Steroids act as a hair conditioner by suppressing immune cells that attack hair follicles.
Alopecia areata is treated in both mild and severe forms. Corticosteroids are injected into bare patches of skin with a small needle the most commonly. These injections are known to cause temporary depressions (also known as dells) in the skin. To stimulate hair growth on the scalp, eyebrows, and beard, a topical minoxidil solution is applied once or twice daily. Anthralin is applied to hairless patches once per day and is usually washed away after a short period of time (usually 30-60 minutes later) or after a long period of time (usually several hours). Some steroids are available in a variety of strengths and preparations, such as solutions, lotions, foams, creams, or ointments. An immunotherapy device is used to treat alopecia areata in the scalp. This treatment employs the use of substances such as diphencyprone (DPCP), dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE). After about six months of topical immunotherapy treatment, approximately 40% of patients regrow scalp hair on their heads.
Alopecia Totalis
In only a small percentage of patients,, complete hair loss occurs on the scalp, which is a chronic condition. It is best to treat this disease as soon as it is discovered and as early as possible in its development.
Alopecia totalis is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the hair follicles because the immune system attacks them. When the inflammation subsides, the hair can be re-grown. This condition affects approximately 1% of the population, making it one of the least common. Although there is no cure for the condition, it is suspected that it is caused by autoimmune and genetic factors. Alopecia totalis, as the name implies, usually begins with hair thinning and gradually progresses to bald patches. Aside from hair loss, there are no physical side effects associated with conditions. Nonetheless, hair loss can cause mental stress and depression.
It is true that certain genes and autoimmunity play a role in the etiology of disease. It is impossible to predict the course of Alopecia totalis. After re-growing their hair, affected individuals may experience repeated relapses. Because the treatment is so difficult, spontaneous hair growth is rare, and it is possible that it will return.
Is Alopecia Totalis Rare?
If left untreated, alopecia totalis results in complete loss of hair on the scalp. This is a relatively uncommon disease, affecting one in every 2000 people. The condition is known as Alopecia totalis, and it is an advanced form of hair loss on small patches of hair.
What Causes Alopecia
There are many possible causes of alopecia, including autoimmune diseases, medications, and physical or emotional stress. In many cases, the exact cause is unknown.
This is what alopecia areata is all about: hair loss. Depending on the cause of the hair loss, it can either regrow or fall out. While male baldness can be caused by a receding hairline, female baldness can be caused by a thinning of the hair on the head. It binds to testosterone follicles and weakens them. Excess hair loss is caused by teloderma effluvium. If your hair thins out too quickly or if you happen to notice it suddenly, you may have a medical condition. Females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an abnormally high level of estrogen, which can lead to testosterone conversion, which causes hair thinning and hair loss.
Alopecia: Treatments To Help Restore Hair Growth
There are numerous treatments available that can help restore hair growth in alopecia areata, despite the fact that there is no cure. Corticosteroids, minoxidil, and laser therapy are all possibilities for treating the problem. Alopecia can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, the environment, and disease.
Alopecia Universalis
The loss of hair from the scalp and body is usually associated with alopecia universalis (AU). This is a more advanced form of hair loss that causes round patches.
Alopecia universalis (AU) is a condition that causes complete hair loss on the scalp and body. This disease is thought to affect fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. It is thought to be caused by an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles. DNA is a substance that is packaged into 23 pairs inside a cell nucleus. Proteins play a variety of functions in the body, including cell structure, function, and regulation. Some genes can allow them to operate in tandem with others. Others create RNA molecules that aid in chemical reactions in the body.
The presence of disease-causing changes (pathogenic variants) in both copies of a responsible gene is considered recessive. A person who carries an autosomal recessive disease usually does not experience any symptoms of the disease. A carrier is a person who carries a pathogenic variant in only one copy of the gene.
Can Alopecia Universalis Be Cured?
Alopecia universalis is not currently treated. There is no way to get alopecia universalis from another person. Alopecia universalis does not permanently damage hair follicles.
What Is Alopecia Universalis Caused By?
An Autoimmune response to hair follicles that causes Alopecia Universalis is the most common cause of this condition. Genetics are involved in the inheritance of diseases. Trauma, infection, and stress are environmental and psychological triggers.
How Do You Fix Alopecia Universalis?
Because alopecia universalis is an autoimmune disease, your doctor may advise you to suppress your immune system with corticosteroids. If you have skin conditions, you may also be treated with topical creams. An immune system-stimulating immunotherapies stimulate the immune system.
Do People With Alopecia Universalis Have Pubic Hair?
Alopecia Universalis causes hair loss in the entire scalp, face (including eyebrows and eyelashes), and all parts of the body (including pubic hair).
Androgenic Alopecia
Both men and women experience hair loss due to an inherited condition known as alopecia universalis. In men, this condition is also known as male pattern baldness. It begins above both temples and progresses to the other temple. As time passes, the hairline recedes and produces a distinct M shape.
The gradual conversion of terminal hairs into vellus hairs, or hairs, is what causes a genetic disorder known as alopecia universalis. Men and women both suffer from the disease in significant numbers. Minoxidil and finasteride are two FDA-approved treatments for hair loss. People of all ages are affected by anglenegenetic alopecia. It is a genetic disorder that progresses through terminal hairs turning into indeterminate hairs and finally to vellus hairs on the body. fibrous tracts are still present after follicles have been miniaturized. This disorder typically causes hair loss in a pattern.
A Japanese study of the sebaceous glands was designed to determine whether the distribution of bulge stem cells played a role in the development of androgenetic alopecia. According to Erdogan et al., younger patients are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease because their oxidative stress levels are higher. The researchers discovered that early onset androgenetic patients had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as significantly lower levels of high-density polycholesterolemia. Approximately 50% of men and possibly many women over the age of 40 suffer from angillogenetic alopecia. Furthermore, there is evidence that androgen signaling may play a role in the severity of COVID-19 symptoms in men. A study conducted by Henne et al.,
on the other hand, found no genetic link between the disorder and CoV-19. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an inherited condition characterized by early androgenetic alopecia (meaning it occurs prior to the age of 30 years). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to complications such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, heart disease, and infertility in men. According to a study conducted by Polat et al., men with hair loss are more likely to develop urolithiasis. The role of oxidative stress in early-onset androgenetic alopecia has been described by Erdogan, Bulur I, Kocaturk E, Yildiz B, Saracoglu ZN, and Alatas O in a case-control study of baldness in men. Transplants from balding and hairy men whose scalps have been shaved regrow hair on immunodeficiency mice.
Hedgehog signaling pathway agonists can boost hair growth and stimulate hair growth. The Journal of Dermatologic Sciences In 2010 the Journal of Applied Linguistics 63(6):991-9. Men with androgenetic alopecia and people over the age of 50 are given 1 mg of fenetriide daily for 10 years. Sato A, Takeda A, Trucchia A, Fortuna MC, Calvieri S, Pallotti F, Senofonte G, Pelloni M, and others. By taking oral finasteride, you will have an effect on the hormone profile, reproduction, and sexual function. This article is about skin diseases. This article will appear in the January 33 issue of (1).
The Board of Editors for Specialty Publications. The University College of Medicine at Texas A&M University is where David F. Butler, PhD is a professor of dermatology. He is the editor in chief and a professor of medicine and dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania. He served as the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Professor at Eastern Virginia Medical School. Leonard Sperling, MD is a member of the following medical societies. This is not a story that I would like to tell.
The Best Way To Treat Androgenetic Alopecia Depends On The Individual
Because androgenetic alopecia can occur in any person, the best treatment strategy is determined by how the person is experiencing hair loss and how well their response to the treatment is. Some patients will only require minoxidil treatment, while others may require combination therapy with minoxidil and a hair loss medication.
If you are experiencing hair loss, it is critical that you consult with your doctor about the best treatment options. Despite the fact that there is no cure for androgenetic alopecia, treatments can help with hair loss and may even be able to restore hair permanently.
Traction Alopecia
Traction alopecia is a type of hair loss that is caused by tight hairstyles that pull on the hair over time. This can lead to inflammation and damage to the hair follicles, which can eventually lead to permanent hair loss. Treatment for traction alopecia typically involves avoiding tight hairstyles and gentle hair care.
Traction alopecia, a type of hair loss, is caused by repeated tension or pulling on the hair follicle, causing mechanical damage to the hair follicles. Ballerinas, gymnasts, military personnel, and certain professionals who are required to wear their hair pulled back may all develop this condition. It is usually noticeable around the top of the head, in addition to hair loss near the top of the head. In cases of tenderness, bumps, or inflammation on the scalp, topical antibiotics or topical corticosteroids may be used. More aggressive treatments, such as oral antibiotics and injections, may be required for traction alopecia that is moderate to severe. When scarring appears, it is possible that hair transplantation is one of the few options available.
Traction Alopecia: Yes, It Can Be Treated
How can traction alopecia be treated?
It is possible to reverse traction alopecia through proper hair care and treatment. The hair will grow back naturally if you stop wearing your hair in the tight hairstyle that caused it. If you continue to style your hair the same way, it may be possible for you to permanently lose hair.
Alopecia Areata
Alopecia areata is a disease that causes hair loss. The exact cause of alopecia areata is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. In people with alopecia areata, the immune system attacks the hair follicles, causing the hair to fall out. Alopecia areata can affect anyone, of any age, and can cause hair loss on the scalp, face, and body. There is no cure for alopecia areata, but there are treatments that can help hair regrow.
Alopecia areata is caused by the parasitic infection alopecia areata. This condition occurs when the immune system attacks hair follicles. Hairfall is typically caused by small, round patches of hair falling out. There is also an unpredictable recovery process, with some people’s hair growing fully while others do not. Alopecia areata is distinguished by the loss of irregular or oval-shaped patches of hair on the scalp. Some people say they experience tingling, burning, or itching on the skin, when their hair falls out before they have finished their hair. Although hair loss is common in adults, it can occur in children after a period of time.
What Triggers Alopecia Areata?
Alopecia isata occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, causing inflammation. Although the causes of an immune attack on hair follicles are unknown, researchers believe that both genetic and environmental factors (nongenetic factors) play a role.
Is Alopecia Areata A Serious Condition?
It is not uncommon for alopecia areata to cause anxiety and sadness, but it is not usually a serious medical problem. It is critical that you seek professional help to deal with the psychological effects of your illness. If you lose all of your hair, it may eventually grow back.
Hair Loss Disorder
alopecia areata, a condition characterized by hair loss, is caused by a disruption in the body’s cycle of hair production. Hair loss can occur in the scalp, which is the most common area for hair loss. In general, the scalp has 100,000 hairs that grow, rest, fall out, and regenerate over time.
Many men and women suffer from hair loss, which can have a significant social and psychological impact. Men and women lose temporal and central hair in a specific pattern as a result of anorogengenetic alopecia, the most common type of hair loss. It is characterized by hair loss that occurs as a result of emotional or physical stress. Alopecia can manifest as bald patches with a pattern of M-shaped hair thinning. It usually results from hair loss on the temples and crown of the head, with side and back hair lost as well. To combat AGA, a strategy is to reduce androgen levels. It is the only FDA-approved medication for male and female AGA; Minoxidil is an effective treatment for both men and women who suffer from AGA.
It should be used for a year before evaluation. Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels by inhibiting 5*-reductase type 2. Pregnant women should not take finasteride. The results of hairpieces and surgical transplants can be satisfactory, but they can be expensive. A secondary cause of syphilitic alopecia is an autoimmune reaction involving antibody, T-cell, and cytokine loss. It usually takes six to twelve months for a person to regain their sense of self. The chances of survival drop significantly if the condition lasts more than a year.
Patients with alopecia areata have a lower chance of surviving than those with vitiligo, atopy, and Down’s Syndrome. Because of the contact sensitizers that are used in immunotherapy (i.e., contact lenses), the most effective treatment for chronic severe diseases is immunotherapy. It is possible that only transplants and hairpieces will be used in this case. You may notice that the scalp is acne-prone or has pustule formation (trichotillomania). There may be other etiologies that need to be investigated, such as scalp biopsy, as patients may not recognize it. Counselors, behavior modification techniques, and hypnosis are the most commonly used. Microsporum and trichophyton species of dermatophytes are the most common causes of tinea capitis, which is caused by a fungal infection of the scalp.
Kerions and fluctuant boggy lesions are frequently the most severe forms of hair loss. Antibiotics like griseofulvin (Grifulvin) and fluconazole (Diflucan) are used in addition to antifungal medications. Treatments with intralesional steroids or antimalarial drugs are frequently successful in treating certain disorders.
Hair Loss: More Than Just A Bad Hair Day
Aside from that, there are a few other factors to consider. Hairfall is common in people with autoimmune diseases such as lupus and polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS), as well as skin conditions such as psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis.
Furthermore, there are cases of hair loss that occur in strange, awkward, or undesirable ways, such as androgenic alopecia, male-pattern baldness, and female-pattern baldness.
There are available treatments that can help restore hair loss, regardless of its cause. According to Rogers, the company offers a wide range of medications, surgery for hair restoration, and hair restoration products.
I’m Dr Justin Boey, an Aesthetic Doctor in Singapore. I believe in open sharing of knowledge and skills to patients, blog readers and fellow doctors alike.
